Works Cited
Cowley, Malcolm. “One Hundred Years Ago: Hawthorne Set a Great New Pattern.” New York Tribune Books (August 6, 1950), 1, 13.
Elder, Marjorie J. Nathaniel Hawthorne: Transcendental Symbolist. Athens: Ohio U P, 1969.
Fossum, Robert H. Hawthorne’s Inviolable Circle. Delano, FL: Everett/Edwards, 1972.
Gerber, John C. “Form and Content in The Scarlet Letter.” New England Quarterly (March 1944): 25-55.
Gale, Robert L. Plots and Characters in the Fiction and Sketches of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Camden, CT: Archon Books, 1968.
Lundblad, Jane. Nathaniel Hawthorne and the Tradition of Gothic Romance. Cambridge: Harvard U P, 1946.
Male, Roy R. Hawthorne’s Tragic Vision. Austin: U of Texas P, 1957.
Schubert, Leland. Hawthorne, the Artist. Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 1944.
Spiller, Robert E. The Cycle of American Literature. New York: Mentor Books, 1956.
Stein, William Bysshe. Hawthorne’s Fause. Gainesville: U of Florida P, , 1953.